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Download the latest version of Python for Mac. A practical, multiparadigm programming language. Python is a free, open-source interpreted language that stands. By default, your Mac comes installed with Python 2.7, no installation necessary! However, if you want some of the new features of Python such as 'print' being a function now instead of a standalone command, then you are going to want to install Py.
Once you have decided that Python is an awesome language to learnand you have heard all about the the cool featuresawaiting you, you are determined to install the latest versions on your laptop so that you can startdeveloping.
- What’s New In Python 3.6 - December 23, 2016
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- What’s New In Python 3.4 - March 16, 2014
- What’s New In Python 3.3 - September 29, 2012
- What’s New In Python 3.2 - February 20, 2011
- What’s New In Python 3.1 - June 27, 2009
- What’s New In Python 3.0 - December 3, 2008
- What’s New In Python 2.7 - July 3, 2010
- What’s New In Python 2.6 - October 1, 2008
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You may be a little concerned about the differences between Python 2 and Python 3, so you wantto make sure that you have the latest versions of each available. This will enable you to switchbetween them easily and work on porting Python 2 programs to Python 3.
OS vendor Python versions lag behind the latest available and can only be updated by installing amajor patch or bolting-on an additional Python installation:
OS Version | System Python Version |
---|---|
OSX 10.13 | 2.7.10 |
OSX 10.12 | 2.7.10 |
OSX 10.11 | 2.7.10 |
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus | 2.7.11 |
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr | 2.7.5 |
Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin | 2.7.3 |
One way to work around this issue is to use pyenv
to install theversions of Python you want to use. This tool provides a simplified build environment for installingthe Pythons you want, while providing a set of shell script shims that makes it easy to switch betweenthem. This tool was inspired by and forked from rbenv
andruby-build
.
Install Python with pyenv¶
Start a Terminal session.
Install Homebrew and Xcode Command Line Tools.
Install
pyenv
.If you already have
pyenv
installed, you can upgrade it to gain access to the latest Pythonversions. Thepyenv
Yosemite download is stored on macbook air 2015. tool is updated periodically with new formulas for the latest releases.Add configuration to your
.bash_profile
to initializepyenv
every time you start a newTerminal. ThePYENV_ROOT
, which is where Python versions and packages will be installed,defaults to$HOME/.pyenv
.Load your
.bash_profile
configuration changes.List the available Python versions. Notice that you have access to several differentdistributions: python.org (plain version numbers), anaconda, ironpython, jython, miniconda,pypy and stackless. We will install the standard Python versions released bypython.org, otherwise known as CPython, because theinterpreter is written in C.
If you are running OSX 10.13, you will need to set the following environment variables, when youinstall new Python versions. See #988 for more details.
Install Python versions.
List the available Python versions.
Activate a Python version and verify that it is available.
Activate another Python version and verify that it is available.
If desired, activate multiple Python versions and verify that they are available.PEP 394 -- The 'python' Command on Unix-Like Systemsexplains conventions for naming
python
binaries.Create new directories for Python projects, add
pyenv local
version files and verify the Pythonversions. Yourpython
version will automatically switch when you change into these directories.
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Useful Python Packages¶
This is a small collecton of useful packages that will help get you started doing useful thingswith Python.
Install flake8, which is a static analyzer that enforcesgood Python coding style and alerts you to coding mistakes. Now that you have Python installed,you can use the pip
command to install any additional modules that you want to use. You willneed to install modules separately for each version of Python you are actively using.
Install advanced Python Read-Eval-Print-Loop (REPL) packages, which will make it easier to explorePython code, because they grant access to tab completion and fancy editing capabilities. Download whatsapp application for macbook pro. The ipython
tool is a command line REPL, which can be exited with ctrl-d
. Jupyter Notebook is a browser-basedREPL that operates on individual cells of code. The IPython Interactive Computingwebsite has more information on these tools.
Install Requests: HTTP for Humans, which makes it easyto consume HTTP services. See GitHub's REST API v3 documentationfor more details on endpoints that are avaialble.
Install Flask: A Python Microframework, which can be used to quickly buildsmall websites that automate everyday tasks.
If you need Python package isolation on a per-project basis, because you have conflicting setsof packages specified for different projects, you can use virtualenvto set up separate environments. The virtualenv
tool establishes a clean room Python installation,either based upon the current version of Python in use, or a version specified on the command line.If you have multiple Python versions activated in pyenv
, you can use virtualenv
to switch betweenthem easily.
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Automated Testing with Python¶
While working on Python programs, you may be interested in automating testing. The most commonchoice for implementing this is tox, which willallow you to run tests with multiple different versions of Python, if needed.
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Python Packaging¶
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After completing a Python program or two, you will be interested in learning how to distribute themeffectively. The Python Packaging User Guide has some good adviceon this topic.
Quickstart Commands¶
There are quite a few analogies between Python and the Unix philosophy. Two of its principles are transparency and easy reading of its code. Thanks to this, learning the language is very accessible thanks to its easy use and legibility.
The library modules included on Python include several tools and data structures familiar to any developer: variables, lists, sets, functions, classes, and loops, all thoroughly documented on both its official website and various communities on the web.
Python is an easy-to-use language with a gently sloping learning curve. It uses an elegant syntax that allows for easy reading of the source code. Besides all that, it's multiplatform and easy to integrate with other languages and development environments.